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The CDPSE exam is a four-hour, computer-based exam that consists of 100 multiple-choice questions. CDPSE exam covers the four domains of the CDPSE certification: Data Privacy Framework, Data Privacy Solution Design, Data Privacy Solution Implementation, and Data Privacy Solution Management. CDPSE exam is designed to test your knowledge and expertise in data privacy and to validate your understanding of the latest data privacy laws, regulations, and best practices.
The CDPSE certification is recognized globally and is highly regarded by employers. Achieving this certification demonstrates a professional's commitment to the field of data privacy and their ability to develop and implement effective solutions. Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer certification is also a way for professionals to differentiate themselves from their peers and increase their career opportunities.
NEW QUESTION # 92
When a government's health division established the complete privacy regulation for only the health market, which privacy protection reference model is being used?
- A. Comprehensive
- B. Sectoral
- C. Self-regulatory
- D. Co-regulatory
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Sectoral is a privacy protection reference model that refers to a system of laws and regulations that apply to specific sectors or industries within a jurisdiction, such as health, finance, education or telecommunications.
Sectoral privacy protection is typically characterized by having different rules and standards for different types of personal data or data processing activities, depending on the sensitivity and value of the data or the impact and risk of the processing. When a government's health division established the complete privacy regulation for only the health market, it is using a sectoral privacy protection reference model, as it is addressing the specific needs and challenges of the health sector in terms of privacy protection. The other options are not applicable in this scenario. Co-regulatory is a privacy protection reference model that refers to a system of laws and regulations that are supplemented by self-regulation mechanisms, such as codes of conduct, standards or certification schemes, developed by industry associations or professional bodies with oversight from government agencies or regulators. Comprehensive is a privacy protection reference model that refers to a system of laws and regulations that apply to all sectors and industries within a jurisdiction, regardless of the type or nature of personal data or data processing activities. Self-regulatory is a privacy protection reference model that refers to a system of laws and regulations that rely on voluntary compliance by organizations with their own policies and procedures, without any external oversight or enforcement from government agencies or regulators1, p. 63-64 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 93
During the design of a role-based user access model for a new application, which of the following principles is MOST important to ensure data privacy is protected?
- A. Two-person rule
- B. Need-to-know basis
- C. Segregation of duties
- D. Unique user credentials
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The need-to-know basis principle is a security principle that states that access to personal data should be limited to those who have a legitimate purpose for accessing it. The need-to-know basis principle helps to protect data privacy by minimizing the exposure of personal data to unauthorized or unnecessary parties, reducing the risk of data breaches, leaks, or misuse. The need-to-know basis principle should be applied when designing a role-based user access model for a new application, by defining clear roles and responsibilities for different users, granting access rights based on their roles and functions, and enforcing access controls and audits to monitor and verify data access. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 105
NEW QUESTION # 94
Which of the following MOST effectively protects against the use of a network sniffer?
- A. An intrusion detection system (IDS)
- B. Transport layer encryption
- C. Network segmentation
- D. A honeypot environment
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 95
Which of the following is the best way to reduce the risk of compromised credentials when an organization allows employees to have remote access?
- A. Purchase an endpoint detection and response (EDR) tool.
- B. Implement multi-factor authentication.
- C. Deploy single sign-on with complex password requirements.
- D. Enable whole disk encryption on remote devices.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Implementing multi-factor authentication is the best way to reduce the risk of compromised credentials when an organization allows employees to have remote access, as it adds an extra layer of security and verification to the authentication process. Multi-factor authentication requires the user to provide two or more pieces of evidence to prove their identity, such as something they know (e.g., password, PIN), something they have (e.g., token, smart card), or something they are (e.g., fingerprint, face scan)135. References: 1 Domain 2, Task
8;
NEW QUESTION # 96
Which of the following should be the FIRST consideration when selecting a data sanitization method?
- A. Storage type
- B. Implementation cost
- C. Industry standards
- D. Risk tolerance
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 97
Which of the following tracking technologies associated with unsolicited targeted advertisements presents the GREATEST privacy risk?
- A. Radio frequency identification (RFID)
- B. Website cookies
- C. Online behavioral tracking
- D. Beacon-based tracking
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 98
Which of the following vulnerabilities is MOST effectively mitigated by enforcing multi-factor authentication to obtain access to personal information?
- A. Vulnerabilities existing in authentication pages
- B. Organizations using weak encryption to transmit data
- C. End users forgetting their passwords
- D. End users using weak passwords
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
One of the most common vulnerabilities that can compromise the access to personal information is end users using weak passwords. Weak passwords are passwords that are easy to guess, crack, or steal, such as passwords that are short, simple, common, or reused. Weak passwords can allow unauthorized or malicious parties to gain access to personal information and cause privacy breaches, leaks, or misuse. Multi-factor authentication is an effective way to mitigate this vulnerability, as it requires end users to provide more than one piece of evidence to verify their identity, such as something they know (e.g., password), something they have (e.g., token), or something they are (e.g., biometric). Multi-factor authentication makes it harder for attackers to bypass the authentication process and access personal information. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 107
NEW QUESTION # 99
Which of the following should be the FIRST consideration when selecting a data sanitization method?
- A. Storage type
- B. Implementation cost
- C. Industry standards
- D. Risk tolerance
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The first consideration when selecting a data sanitization method is the type of storage device that holds the data to be sanitized. Different types of storage devices have different characteristics and limitations that affect the effectiveness and feasibility of data sanitization methods. For example, magnetic media, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), can be sanitized by data degaussing, which is wiping data permanently by weakening the magnetic field1. However, data degaussing is not applicable to devices that use solid state drive (SSD) technology, since SSDs do not store data magnetically2. Therefore, the storage type determines which data sanitization methods are suitable and available for the data disposal process.
References:
* ISACA, Why (and How to) Dispose of Digital Data, Data Degaussing1
* ISACA, Best Practices for Data Hygiene, Data Hygiene Practices3
* TechReset, Data Sanitization and Methods, Cryptographic Erasure2
* Imperva, What is Data Sanitization?4
NEW QUESTION # 100
Which of the following should be the FIRST consideration when conducting a privacy impact assessment (PIA)?
- A. The organizational security risk profile
- B. The systems in which privacy-related data is stored
- C. The quantity of information within the scope of the assessment
- D. The applicable privacy legislation
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 101
Which of the following is the MOST important action to protect a mobile banking app and its data against manipulation and disclosure?
- A. Implement application hardening measures.
- B. Define the mobile app privacy policy.
- C. Conduct penetration testing
- D. Provide the app only through official app stores
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Application hardening measures are the most important action to protect a mobile banking app and its data against manipulation and disclosure because they prevent attackers from reverse engineering, tampering, or injecting malicious code into the app. Application hardening measures include techniques such as code obfuscation, encryption, integrity checks, anti-debugging, and anti-tampering mechanisms. These measures make the app more resilient and secure against various types of cyberattacks.
References:
* ISACA Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer Study Guide, Domain 3: Privacy Engineering, Task
3.4: Implement privacy engineering techniques to protect data in applications and systems, p. 104-105.
* What is Application Hardening? | Glossary | Digital.ai
NEW QUESTION # 102
Which of the following is a PRIMARY consideration to protect against privacy violations when utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) driven business decisions?
- A. Verifying the data subjects have consented to the processing
- B. De-identifying the data to be analyzed
- C. Ensuring proper data sets are used to train the models
- D. Defining the intended objectives
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The primary consideration to protect against privacy violations when utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) driven business decisions is ensuring proper data sets are used to train the models. AI is a technology that enables machines or systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, decision making, etc. AI relies on large amounts of data to train its models and algorithms to perform these tasks. However, if the data sets used to train the models are inaccurate, incomplete, biased, or outdated, they can result in privacy violations, such as discrimination, profiling, manipulation, or harm to the data subjects. Therefore, an IT privacy practitioner should ensure that the data sets used to train the models are proper, meaning that they are relevant, representative, reliable, and respectful of the data subjects' rights and interests. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 141
NEW QUESTION # 103
During which of the following system lifecycle stages is it BEST to conduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA) on a system that holds personal data?
- A. Functional testing
- B. Production
- C. Development
- D. User acceptance testing (UAT)
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 104
Which of the following should be established FIRST before authorizing remote access to a data store containing personal data?
- A. Multi-factor authentication
- B. Network security standard
- C. Privacy policy
- D. Virtual private network (VPN)
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
A virtual private network (VPN) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, such as the internet. A VPN should be established first before authorizing remote access to a data store containing personal data, as it protects the data from unauthorized interception, modification, or disclosure by third parties. A VPN also helps to ensure the identity and authenticity of the remote users and devices accessing the data store. References: 2 Domain 2, Task 8
NEW QUESTION # 105
An IT privacy practitioner wants to test an application in pre-production that will be processing sensitive personal data. Which of the following testing methods is BEST used to identity and review the application's runtime modules?
- A. Software composition analysis
- B. Regression testing
- C. Static application security testing (SAST)
- D. Dynamic application security testing (DAST)
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The best testing method to identify and review the application's runtime modules is dynamic application security testing (DAST). DAST is a testing technique that analyzes the application's behavior and functionality during its execution. DAST can detect security and privacy vulnerabilities that are not visible in the source code, such as injection attacks, cross-site scripting, broken authentication, sensitive data exposure, or improper error handling. DAST can also simulate real-world attacks and test the application's response and resilience. DAST can provide a comprehensive and realistic assessment of the application's security and privacy posture in the pre-production environment. References:
* [ISACA Glossary of Terms]
* [OWASP Top 10 Web Application Security Risks]
* [ISACA CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 2, Section 2.4.2]
* [ISACA Journal, Volume 6, 2018, "Dynamic Application Security Testing"]
NEW QUESTION # 106
Which of the following is the GREATEST obstacle to conducting a privacy impact assessment (PIA)?
- A. PIAs need to be performed many times in a year.
- B. The organization lacks knowledge of PIA methodology.
- C. The value proposition of a PIA is not understood by management.
- D. Conducting a PIA requires significant funding and resources.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 107
Which of the following is the BEST practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media?
- A. Data encryption
- B. Data sanitization
- C. Data masking
- D. Data scrambling
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The best practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media is B. Data sanitization.
A comprehensive explanation is:
Data sanitization is the process of permanently and irreversibly erasing or destroying the data on a storage device or media, such as a hard drive, a USB drive, a CD/DVD, etc. Data sanitization ensures that the data cannot be recovered or reconstructed by any means, even by using specialized software or hardware tools.
Data sanitization is also known as data wiping, data erasure, data destruction, or data disposal.
Data sanitization is the best practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media because it prevents unauthorized access, disclosure, theft, or misuse of the sensitive or confidential data that may be stored on the media. Data sanitization also helps to comply with the legal and regulatory requirements and standards for data protection and privacy, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), etc.
There are different methods and techniques for data sanitization, depending on the type and format of the storage device or media. Some of the common methods are:
* Overwriting: Overwriting replaces the existing data on the device or media with random or meaningless data, such as zeros, ones, or patterns. Overwriting can be done multiple times to increase the level of security and assurance. Overwriting is suitable for magnetic media, such as hard disk drives (HDDs) or tapes.
* Degaussing: Degaussing exposes the device or media to a strong magnetic field that disrupts and destroys the magnetic structure and alignment of the data. Degaussing renders the device or media unusable and unreadable. Degaussing is suitable for magnetic media, such as hard disk drives (HDDs) or tapes.
* Physical Destruction: Physical destruction involves applying physical force or damage to the device or media that breaks it into small pieces or shreds it. Physical destruction can be done by using mechanical tools, such as shredders, crushers, drills, hammers, etc., or by using thermal methods, such as incineration, melting, etc. Physical destruction is suitable for any type of media, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), solid state drives (SSDs), USB drives, CDs/DVDs, etc.
Data encryption (A) is not a good practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media because it does not erase or destroy the data on the media. Data encryption only transforms the data into an unreadable format that can only be accessed with a key or a password. However, if the key or password is lost, stolen, compromised, or guessed by an attacker, the data can still be decrypted and exposed. Data encryption is more suitable for protecting data in transit or at rest, but not for disposing data.
Data scrambling is not a good practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media because it does not erase or destroy the data on the media. Data scrambling only rearranges the order of the bits or bytes of the data to make it appear random or meaningless. However, if the algorithm or pattern of scrambling is known or discovered by an attacker, the data can still be unscrambled and restored. Data scrambling is more suitable for obfuscating data for testing or debugging purposes, but not for disposing data.
Data masking (D) is not a good practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media because it does not erase or destroy the data on the media. Data masking only replaces some parts of the data with fictitious or anonymized values to hide its true identity or meaning. However, if the original data is still stored somewhere else or if the masking technique is weak or reversible by an attacker, the data can still be unmasked and revealed. Data masking is more suitable for protecting data in use or in analysis, but not for disposing data.
References:
* What Is Data Sanitization?1
* How to securely erase hard drives (HDDs) and solid state drives (SSDs)2
* Secure Data Disposal & Destruction: 6 Methods to Follow3
NEW QUESTION # 108
Which of the following is the PRIMARY consideration to ensure control of remote access is aligned to the privacy policy?
- A. Access is only granted to authorized users.
- B. Active remote access is monitored.
- C. Multi-factor authentication is enabled.
- D. Access is logged on the virtual private network (VPN).
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The primary consideration to ensure control of remote access is aligned to the privacy policy is that access is only granted to authorized users. This means that the organization should implement and enforce policies and procedures to identify, authenticate, and authorize users who need to access personal data remotely, such as employees, contractors, or service providers. The organization should also define and communicate the roles and responsibilities of remote users, and the terms and conditions of remote access, such as the purpose, scope, duration, and security measures. By granting access only to authorized users, the organization can protect data privacy by preventing unauthorized or unnecessary access, use, disclosure, or transfer of personal data. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 107
NEW QUESTION # 109
Which of the following should be done FIRST to establish privacy to design when developing a contact-tracing application?
- A. Identify privacy controls for the application.
- B. Identify differential privacy techniques.
- C. Conduct a development environment review.
- D. Conduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA).
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 110
Which of the following is the BEST way to validate that privacy practices align to the published enterprise privacy management program?
- A. Perform a control self-assessment (CSA).
- B. Conduct an audit.
- C. Conduct a benchmarking analysis.
- D. Report performance metrics.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 111
When using anonymization techniques to prevent unauthorized access to personal data, which of the following is the MOST important consideration to ensure the data is adequately protected?
- A. The data must be protected by multi-factor authentication.
- B. The data must be stored in locations protected by data loss prevention (DLP) technology.
- C. The key must be a combination of alpha and numeric characters.
- D. The key must be kept separate and distinct from the data it protects.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 112
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